Site Segmentation (Site and Campus)

Site segmentation concept (with terms 'Campus' and 'Site') was introduced by Splash as a result of multi-year work across various geographies and different types of institutions (orphanages, shelters, schools, hospitals...). Applying these terms allows high level of standardized operating procedures and measurement, regardless of local specifics. Please see the article below for details and examples.

Campus is the physical location (grounds, buildings, etc.) where one or more partner sites are located.

Site is a single institution with management/administration and budgetary authority. Site types may be hospitals, schools, shelters, orphanages, etc. Site is located at a campus.

WHY: Splash needs a standard for segmenting sites so that we are consistent in how we track, measure, and define our work and our impact. The purpose of this standard is to help us answer the question: “Should this institution be considered its own site, or is it part of another (new or existing) site?”

It is especially important to understand the case of 'school' vs. 'site':

'Site' is an indication of an administrator with budgetary and decision-making authority.

'School', as defined by a government body, does not provide Splash accurate or sufficient information critical for effective program implementation.

Each country and city have their own educational system, with wide variety of school levels and schedules, grades and ages (for example, 'primary' grades in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, may include any combination of grades from 1 to 8, while in Kolkata, India, grades 1 to 8 may be called Primary, Secondary, Upper Primary, Higher Secondary, etc.).

The school name, given by the government body, by itself does not provide Splash accurate or sufficient information on the population of the school (age of the students, gender of the students, time when some or all students and staff are present, etc.). The school designation by a government body does not indicate how many administrators with budgetary and decision-making authority manage the school(s). In addition, government records may be inaccurate (misspellings in school names) or contain old data (schools that closed or moved, missing new schools).

As a result, a Splash's 'site' may or may not be 'equal' to a government-defined 'school'.

What matters to Splash is knowing who to work with at the campus:

  • During the first engagement, we need to know who the one person is who has administrative and budgetary authority to enter a partnership agreement with Splash (same principal/headmaster may be responsible for 1 or more schools at the same campus).
  • When planning infrastructure construction or repair/rehabilitation, we need to know the estimated number of students and staff that would use the infrastructure at the same time at the campus, regardless of if they attend the same or multiple school bodies at the same location.

The site segmentation approach also allows Splash MLE team to collect relevant enrolment/population data with level of detail needed for effective program implementation:

- by role (students, staff)

- by gender (female, male)

- by shift (by start/end time) - schools only

- by grade (including grade 0, KG or adult students' grade) - schools only


Available to the internal Splash users only: watch the internal video training on the Site Segmentation concepts here (recorded in December 2020).

Project WISE Specific notes:

In Kolkata (India) 1 Splash Site = 1 School (the Kolkata government counts schools based on the administrator, same as Splash). It is common for multiple schools to be located at the same physical location (grounds, building, etc.) in Kolkata. Splash treats each school as a separate site on the same campus.

 In Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) 1 Splash Site = 1 School (the Bahir Dar government counts schools based on the administrator, same as Splash). It is common for Primary and KG schools to be located at the same physical location/campus in Bahir Dar, with a single administrator for both. Splash treats them as a single site on the campus.

In Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 1 Splash Site may be 1 or more Schools by Government definition.

The Addis Ababa government count schools based on grades (not administrator).

  • KG
  • Primary (Grade 1-8) and
  • Secondary and/or preparatory (Grade 9-12)

Addis Ababa examples:

1. Only kids in KG grade are present at a school location, there are no other kids/grades at this location, the school has a headmaster/principal:

-> by government definition, this is 1 school

-> by Splash definition, this is 1 school site located at a campus

2.  Kids in Grades KG,1,2,3, 4 are present at a school

-> by Addis Ababa government definition, these are 2 schools, KG and Primary

-> by Splash definition, we will check if KG and Primary schools have the same headmaster/principal, or if there are 2 administrators, one for KG and one for Primary.

  • if KG and Primary schools have the same headmaster (most common in Addis) -> this is 1 site located at a campus (=2 government schools)
  • if KG school has its own headmaster/budget and Primary School is managed by another headmaster -> these are 2 sites located at the same campus (=2 government schools)

* The accuracy of this approach completely depends on the accuracy of grade information/most recent population survey in Salesforce (typically collected by the Splash MLE team at the pre-implementation time).

Having and following a standard for site segmentation is also important when documenting and tracking schools and other institutions with similar names.

WHAT: An institution should be counted and recorded (in Salesforce) as a unique site according to the following scenarios:

  1. If a school or institution exists on its own (non-shared) campus, with its own (non-shared) headmaster/leadership, it must be a single site in Salesforce and for measurement purposes (example: a school in Cambodia that has a single headmaster and does not share a physical campus with other schools).
  2. If a school is on a campus containing multiple schools, but all schools have the same headmaster/leadership, it must be one (1) site in Salesforce and for measurement purposes (example: KGs and Primary schools in Addis that share both a campus and a headmaster). 
  3. If a school is on is a single campus containing multiple schools, but the schools have different headmasters/leadership, the schools must be separated as multiple sites in Salesforce and for measurement purposes (example: India schools that share a campus but have different headmaster).
  4. If a school or institution has multiple locations/campuses separated by physical distance (i.e. a satellite campus or campuses), it must be separated into multiple sites in Salesforce for measurement & counting purposes (example: a school in Kathmandu that has a single headmaster, but two totally separate campuses and infrastructure, separated by a significant geographic distance, not just a fence). Regardless of whether there is same administrator or separate administrators, it would be multiple sites in Salesforce and for measurement purposes.

KEEP IN MIND: For Splash tracking and measurement purposes, each site is linked to a campus. A site may be on its own campus or share a campus (shared space, grounds, or buildings) with another site(s). The relationship between campuses, sites, and water filters (or any other infrastructure) is as follows:

  • CAMPUS = Physical space/grounds/building that contains 1 or more sites.
  • SITE = A single institution with administration authority that resides on a campus.
  • FILTER = A Splash-installed water filter on a campus, which is affiliated to one or more sites at that campus. Multiple sites on the same campus may share a single filter (or multiple filters).

It is important to remember that all or some WASH infrastructure (including the filter) may be shared between multiple sites on the same campus. Installing a separate water filter or separate water station does not mean that an institution is automatically considered to be its own site.

Similarly, Splash may implement multiple interventions at a single site (such as installing multiple filters or engaging in multiple behavior change activities for different target audiences). A single site may have multiple age levels, each with separate infrastructure and/or daily schedules and routines.

HOW IS IT DETERMINED?: It is up to each country program to make determinations about whether a site is unique or not based on the above listed standards.

Sites and campuses should be entered into Salesforce by the Program Data team members based on the Project Team guidance, or can be uploaded in a batch by the Seattle Technology team (such as a batch list of sites included in a citywide survey or sites provided by the government, after detailed evaluation).

A campus's and site's school names must adhere to the Splash Site Naming Convention for the country (managed by the Program Data team). For the latest Site Naming Convention guidelines please refer to the Salesforce Site and Campus Naming Convention folder.

 

If there are questions about determining whether a site is unique or not (and/or how to name a site), please discuss with the program data coordinator in your city.

If there are questions about whether or not (or how) to track different interventions at a site during routine monitoring or other evaluation times, please discuss with the Program Impact team in Seattle.