Infrastructure Ratios
The below minimum ratios must be met or exceeded unless advance permission is sought from the Global Infrastructure Lead. When using these ratios to determine how much infrastructure Splash needs to install, round up to the nearest whole number, never round down. As with all Splash infrastructure ratios, these are minimum targets and some sites will require more infrastructure than the target ratio would require. It is okay to install more than the required amount of infrastructure, but we should never install less than what the target ratios require.
For each of these types of infrastructure, there are additional standards that provide more guidance on how many stations, toilet stalls, and water storage volume is required beyond these ratios. Please review the relevant standards for full information on the required infrastructure planning at each site.
How to Apply Infrastructure Ratios: Largest Shift, Total Population, Simultaneous Users
Splash collects enrollment data at each school site, including role/age group (students that are Kids, students that are Adults, staff), gender (female, male), Shift start and end time (to indicate time of user presence at the campus).
It is critical to understand that different number of users should be applied when calculating the required infrastructure ratios: users in the largest shift, total population, simultaneous users.
Largest Shift if 1 site has 2 or more shifts, the largest shift is simply the shift with Largest total number of users (typically shift 1 is larger than shift 2)
Total Population of Campus all users across all shifts (Kids, Adult Students and Staff) at the Campus
Simultaneous users !!! only applicable if a Campus has 2 or more sites !!! if there are 2 or more sites on 1 campus, we need to find the largest number of simultaneous users.
- If shifts do not overlap across the sites -> just find the Largest shift number
- If shifts overlap -> users of both shift will need access to Infrastructure Simultaneously -> need to add the number of students and staff on campus at the same time to find the number of all Simultaneous users.
| Infrastructure Type | Minimum Number | Population Number to Apply | Formula | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drinking Water Taps |
75 | Students + Staff in the Largest Shift |
users / 75 | If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
| Handwashing Taps |
75 | Students + Staff in the Largest Shift |
users / 75 |
If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
| Water Storage Liters v.1* |
9 | Total Population of Campus |
users * 9 |
* Addis Ababa Project WISE Groups 1 and 2: 3 L per person per day * 3 days -> 9 L per person |
| Water Storage Liters v.2** |
15 | Total Population of Campus |
users * 15 |
** Addis Ababa starting Project WISE Group 3: 5 L per person per day * 3 days -> 15 L per person |
| Water Filtration (Antunes only based on flow rate) | 1 | Students + Staff in the Largest Shift |
users/1500 |
Please see the Drinking Water Infrastructure Implementation Standard for details on how to determine the number of filter systems required at each campus. If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
| Toilets & Urinals for Female Students |
70 | The largest Number of Female Students across shifts |
users / 70 |
If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
| Toilets & Urinals for Male Students |
75 | The largest Number of Male Students across shifts |
users / 75 |
If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
| Toilets & Urinals for Female Staff |
70 | The largest number of Female Staff across shifts |
users / 70 |
If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
| Toilets & Urinals for Male Staff |
75 | The largest number of Male Staff across shifts |
users / 75 |
If Campus has 2 or more sites, then check if the shifts overlap. If yes, use the max Simultaneous users number in this category |
Drinking Water Taps
Splash's target drinking water tap ratio is a minimum of 1 drinking tap per 75 users (including adults/staff). This is based on the single largest shift population at a campus.
Please see the Drinking Water Infrastructure Implementation Standard to determine the number of filter systems required at each campus.
Handwashing Taps
Splash's target handwashing tap ratio is a minimum of 1 handwashing tap per 75 users (including adults/staff). This is based on the single largest shift population at a campus.
Please see the Handwashing Infrastructure Implementation Standard for additional location driven requirements (HW for sanitation facilities and feeding areas).
Toilets and Urinals
A sanitation fixture is defined as either a toilet or a urinal space. A urinal space is defined as a single urinal fixture, or 0.4/0.5 m of a urinal wall. For more information on urinal spaces, as well as the urinal space to toilet stall maximum ratio (3:2), see the Sanitation Infrastructure Standard.
- For male students, Splash’s target ratio at 1 sanitation fixture per 75 male students
- For female students, Splash’s target ratio is 1 sanitation fixture per 70 female students
- For staff, Splash’s target ratio is 1 sanitation fixture per 75 male staff, and 1 sanitation fixture per 70 female staff.
These are all based on the single largest shift population at a campus.
Water Storage
Every user at a school (adults and students) require a minimum of 9 L/person/day of water storage capacity. Exception: if the school has cistern-flush toilets. If a school has cistern-flush toilets, then the target ratio increases to 17 L/person/day to account for the increased volume of water used to operate cistern-flush toilets.
- In Addis Ababa, we must make sure every school has at least 3 days of water storage supply available.
- In Kolkata, we must make sure every school has at least 1 day of water storage supply available (typically 9 L/person).
- In Kathmandu, we must make sure every school has at least 2 days of water storage supply available (typically 18 L/person).
This standard is based on the total population of users at a school campus, it is not based on the single largest shift.
Please refer to the Water Storage Standard for information on how much water storage volume is required per fixture (drinking tap, handwashing tap, toilet stall, shower, etc.).